According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), workplace violence includes any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at a work site. Not only does this behavior jeopardize the safety of employees—it disrupts morale, productivity, and the integrity of the work environment.
Understanding the scope of the issue—and more importantly, how to prevent it—is essential for every employer.
Understanding the Scope of Workplace Violence
While media coverage often focuses on rare but devastating mass-casualty events, the reality is that approximately two million American workers experience some form of workplace violence each year. In fact, there were an average of 715 intentional workplace fatalities per year in the U.S. private sector from 2011 to 2020.
Certain industries—such as healthcare, retail (convenience stores), and hospitality (bars and nightclubs)—see higher rates of workplace violence. Incidents can range from disgruntled clients and customers to co-worker conflicts, and even criminal acts such as robbery or sexual assault.
Numerous states have legislated workplace violence prevention laws for employers to follow within the last few years and more states have proposed legislation. Most of these new laws are specific to workplace violence prevention in healthcare.
Building a Culture of Safety and Prevention
A proactive approach to preventing workplace violence involves three key pillars: security, environment, and policy.
Physical Security in the Workplace
Creating a secure workplace can deter threats and provide peace of mind. Practices can include:
- Restricting access with coded key cards and controlled entry points.
- Installing security cameras and alarm systems.
- Considering after-hours guard services, especially in high-risk industries.
- Training employees to report suspicious activity immediately.
- Collaborating with local law enforcement for emergency response planning.
Fostering a Positive Work Environment
The primary drivers of workplace violence are people—and the complex emotions and challenges they face. Employers must recognize this human element and develop strategies that focus not just on security, but on prevention through culture, communication, and compassion.
A supportive, respectful workplace culture can include:
- Fostering an environment where employees want to come to work.
- Promoting a family-friendly, inclusive atmosphere.
- Encouraging open and honest communication between managers and staff.
- Providing professional development opportunities.
- Conducting regular employee satisfaction surveys and act on feedback.
- Getting to know teams, observing behaviors, and intervening early when signs of distress arise.
Strong Policies and Regular Training
A workplace violence policy should be part of the general employee handbook that every employee receives when they start work. These policies are essential, as they define expectations and establish accountability. A few components include:
- A Zero-Tolerance Policy on workplace violence, included in the employee handbook.
- Clearly defined prohibited behaviors: physical aggression, threats (verbal and non-verbal), possession of weapons (unless legally required and stored appropriately).
- Disciplinary actions for violations—up to and including termination.
- An established confidential reporting process.
- A workplace violence emergency plan, including evacuation protocols, that is maintained and tested.
For additional support, employers may also want to consider:
- Providing regular training on recognizing warning signs, de-escalation techniques, and emergency response procedures.
- De-escalation technique training- When faced with a potentially violent situation, calm and tactful intervention can make all the difference.
- Implementing an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) for counseling and resources. Continued follow-up and support can help rebuild a sense of security.
- Looking to OSHA guidance to provide a safe work environment for employees.
Prevention Starts with Culture
Workplace violence can be addressed—but only with intentional effort. While items like locks and cameras are helpful in keeping employees safe, the primary focus should be on building a culture of trust, safety, and care. By combining strong policies, effective communication, proactive training, and a genuine concern for employee well-being, companies can dramatically reduce the risk of violence and create a safer, healthier workplace for all.
This article does not constitute legal advice and does not address state or local law.